Constitution of the Commonwealth of the United States (Proposed, 2024)

Table of Contents

Article I: Preamble

We, the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, protect and expand the rights of The People, ensure responsive governance, promote the common prosperity, establish Justice, provide for the common defense, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and for those who come after us, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

Let this Article serve as the compass guiding the interpretation and implementation of all that follows, embodying our nation's core values and our collective aspiration for a society rooted in justice, liberty, and the common good.

Article II: Rights of The People

Section 1: Foundational Rights and Principles

  • Federal Commonwealth and Sovereignty of The People: The United States shall be a Federal Commonwealth, and Sovereignty shall rest solely with The People of the United States of America.
  • Equality Before the Law: Every citizen shall have equal rights and protections under the law, irrespective of any discriminatory class or prejudicial ruling.
  • Right to Life, Liberty, and Security: Every individual is entitled inherently to life, liberty, and personal security.
  • Rule of Law and Participatory Democracy: The law, being an expression of the general will, invites every citizen to participate, either directly or through representatives, in its creation, and binds all equally regardless of their station.

Section 2: Personal Freedoms and Protections

  • Freedom of Speech, Press, and Assembly: Every citizen possesses the right to freedom of speech, press, and peaceful assembly and protest without fear of retribution.
  • Freedom of Thought, Conscience, and Religion: Every individual enjoys the freedom of thought, conscience, and private exercise of religion, provided that such practices do not endanger public safety or infringe upon the freedoms of others.
  • Right to Bear Arms: Citizens retain the right to bear arms, subject to regulations ensuring the public safety of The People, and consistent with the duty of all True and Just Citizens or Officers of any Station to avoid violence within the Commonwealth wherever possible.
  • Protection from Arbitrary Treatment: No individual shall endure torture, cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment, arbitrary arrest, detention, or exile.
  • Rights in the Judicial Process: The judiciary shall uphold protections against double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and guarantee rights such as due process, use of grand juries, a speedy and fair public trial, the right to be informed of charges, and representation by an attorney. Witnesses shall be present to face the accused, and the accused shall be permitted their own witnesses. Jury trials shall be upheld in all cases.

Section 3: Societal and Economic Rights

  • Right to Comprehensive Education: Every citizen shall receive a comprehensive, high-quality education that not only imparts foundational knowledge but also broadens the mind, nurtures civic virtues, and fosters appreciation for the arts, innovation, and critical thinking.
  • Economic Protections: Every adult citizen is entitled to a living wage, ensuring a life of dignity and stability. Additionally, they have the right to choose employment, receive equal pay for equal work, to join sectoral, national, or enterprise trade unions, and to participate in corporate governance. Congress shall periodically adjust the minimum wage considering inflation, the cost of living, and other economic factors.
  • Right to Housing: Every citizen is guaranteed secure, safe, and affordable housing. Congress shall enact policies striving to eradicate homelessness and ensuring housing for all.
  • Right to Healthcare: Every citizen is entitled to comprehensive universal healthcare, ensuring access to essential medical services for their well-being.
  • Right to a Clean Environment: Every citizen possesses the inherent right to a clean, healthy, and ecologically balanced environment. The government is obligated to ensure this right by enacting and enforcing suitable laws and standards. All entities and individuals share the responsibility to uphold this right and remedy any harm they cause to the environment.
  • Participation in Governance: As the authority of government arises from the will of the people, manifested in periodic, genuine elections with universal and equal suffrage, all citizens of voting age shall have the affirmative right to vote.

Section 4: Additional Protections and Guarantees

  • Protection Against Unlawful Search and Seizure: The People shall be safe from unreasonable searches and seizures, and the right of habeas corpus shall remain inviolable.
  • Prohibition of Ex Post Facto Laws: No law shall retroactively alter the legal consequences or status of actions that occurred before its enactment.
  • Protection from Excesses: Citizens shall be safeguarded from excessive bail, fines, and cruel or unusual punishments.
  • Freedom of Movement: All citizens are granted the freedom to move and reside within each state's borders, or between states, and to depart and return to their country at will.
  • National ID and International Travel: Upon reaching voting eligibility, every citizen shall be issued a National Identification Document free of charge, doubling as an international passport.
  • Rights Enumeration and Protection: Courts shall refrain from denying or diminishing rights based on their absence from this documentation. Congress retains the authority to recognize and legislate further rights.
  • Digital Rights and Privacy: Every citizen has the right to digital privacy and the protection of personal data. The government shall implement measures to safeguard data security and prevent unauthorized access or surveillance.
  • Cultural and Linguistic Rights: The cultural and linguistic rights of minority groups within the United States are recognized and protected, promoting diversity and inclusion.
  • Incorporation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: The rights and freedoms listed within the Universal Declaration of Human Rights are hereby recognized and shall be upheld in all activities of the United States both foreign and domestic.

Article III: The Legislature

Section 1: The House of Representatives

  • Composition: The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States.
  • Qualifications: All citizens of voting age, equal in the eyes of the law, are eligible to hold the office of Representative according to their abilities, virtues, and talents.
  • Term Limits: Members of the House shall serve no more than five consecutive terms, but may stand for election again after a period of two terms have elapsed since such Member last held Congressional office.
  • Primary Legislative Authority: The House has the primary authority to draft, amend, and pass legislation. To protect the judgment of The People and their Congress from outside interests, all votes shall be taken by secret ballot unless a two-thirds majority calls for a voice vote to be publicly recorded for accountability.
  • Districts and Constituencies: Districts for Members of the House shall have a maximum constituency of one-third of the population of the least populous State, though Congress may provide for smaller constituencies by appropriate legislation. Districts shall be fair, compact, contiguous, and shall not seek to divide local communities. The deliberate manipulation of electoral district boundaries to favor or disadvantage a particular political party or any other type of group shall be strictly prohibited.
  • Adjustment and Representation: Congress shall, at each Census, by appropriate legislation, adjust the membership of the House of Representatives with the goal of increasing participatory democracy, to ensure that each Member represents a smaller and more equal portion of the citizenry, thus furthering the intimate connection between the people and their chosen Representatives.

Section 2: The Senate

  • Composition and Election: The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Members from each State serving two year terms, with one Senator from each State chosen every year by the People of that state.
  • Qualifications: All citizens of voting age, equal in the eyes of the law, are eligible to hold the office of Senator according to their abilities, virtues, and talents.
  • Term Limits: Members of the Senate shall serve no more than five consecutive terms, but may stand for election again after a period of two terms have elapsed since such Member last held Congressional office.
  • Advisory Role and Legislative Review: While the Senate serves as a revising chamber for reviewing legislation passed by the House of Representatives, its power to prevent the passage of bills shall be limited. In general, its role shall be advisory, ensuring that the legislation aligns with the nation's core principles and values.
  • Delaying Power: The Senate may delay the enactment of a bill after its passage by the House for a period not exceeding one year. This delay is meant to give ample time for reflection, revision, and broader public discourse. However, such delaying power shall be exercised only in cases where:
    • The legislation may have substantial and unforeseen adverse impacts, on which the Senate shall report.
    • The legislation might affect the balance of power between the various branches of government or between the Federal government and the States.
    If, after the specified delay, the House of Representatives passes the same or a substantially similar bill again, it shall proceed to become law without further hindrance or delay from the Senate.

Section 3: Legislative Jury

  • Referral of House Bills: After the House of Representatives passes a bill, the Senate may choose or the People may petition the Senate, showing sufficient popular support as determined by law, such that the Senate shall refer said bill to a Legislative Jury for review and deliberation. The act of referring a bill to the Legislative Jury shall not alter or extend the prescribed time limit for the Senate's consideration and approval of bills.
  • Composition: Each Legislative Jury shall consist of citizens numbering twice the total count of States. These citizens shall be selected at random from a nationally representative pool of eligible voters, which shall be defined by law.
  • Evidence and Argument Presentation: Each bill directed to a Legislative Jury shall be presented with evidence and arguments both for and against its propositions. Recognized experts from the relevant fields, as defined by law, will curate these presentations.
  • Decisions of the Legislative Jury: A bill must acquire the support of a majority of a Jury's members to gain its approval. Bills that are ratified by a Legislative Jury are thereby considered approved by the Senate and will be enacted into law. Conversely, if a Jury rejects a bill, it will be sent back to the Senate for the suggestion of amendments or other deliberations, according to the Jury’s notes.
  • Legislative Oversight: The Congress will guide and adjust, as deemed necessary, the processes and practices encompassed in this subsection through suitable legislation.

Section 4: Enumerated Powers of Congress

  • Governance and Democracy:
    • Congress shall establish and periodically review a uniform method of voting for all Federal elections in accordance with the principles of political democracy, fair representation, and stable governance. Congress remains open to advancements in voting methodologies that best serve the interests of The People.
    • Congress shall legislate clear standards of Good Behavior to which all members of the legislature, executive, and judiciary must adhere.
  • Taxation and Finance:
    • Congress shall have the power to lay and collect a national tax on the value of land.
    • Congress shall have the power to lay and collect taxes on incomes and property, but The People’s individual income from wages shall not be taxed at higher rates than personal or corporative income from profits or appreciation from the ownership of Property. All such financial impositions must apply consistently across the entire nation, though differing thresholds may be established based on wealth or income. All taxes and appropriations shall be made with a view toward economic democracy, the prevention of financial aristocracy, and the furtherance of the ideals of the Commonwealth.
    • Congress holds the prerogative to procure funds on the credit of the United States. Any limitations set by Congress on borrowing shall not result in a threat of default or insolvency of the United States, nor shall they contradict or undermine the commitment to honor previously appropriated funds.
  • Commerce and Economy:
    • Congress retains the jurisdiction to govern Commerce: with foreign entities and within the individual States.
    • Congress shall establish uniform regulations for Corporations, promote the establishment and growth of co-operatives and worker-owned enterprises, ensure workplace democracy, protect the Rights of Workers, and provide for the general welfare and equitable economic advancement of all citizens.
  • Citizenship, Federal Crime, and Bankruptcy:
    • Congress is responsible for crafting a consistent Rule for Citizenship and establishing uniform Laws concerning Bankruptcy across the nation.
    • Congress may establish uniform national criminal codes to delinate federal crimes, and may delegate primary jusrisdication by legislation.
  • Currency and Standards:
    • Congress shall establish regulations for the coinage and Currency, determine its Value, and standardize Weights and Measures in accordance with common international usage.
    • Congress shall ensure the sanctity of the nation's monetary system by enacting penalties against counterfeiting the Securities and Currency of the United States.
  • Infrastructure and Communication:
    • Congress has the duty to found and finance Post Offices and designate and develop major transportation arteries via road, rail, air, water, or other such methods as shall be devised, providing for the freedom and ease of movement of The People.
  • Science and the Arts:
    • In the interest of progress, Congress shall champion Science and the Arts, offering Authors and Inventors exclusive Rights to their creations and discoveries for determined periods, but no Patent or Copyright may extend beyond the natural life of the individually credited author or authors. Patents and Copyrights shall not be perpetual, nor have such effect. Because the value of copyright comes from legal status, the Commonwealth shall receive a tax of all profits from any given copyright or patent, as appropriated by law.
  • Judiciary and Legal System:
    • Congress may establish Courts subordinate to the Supreme Court, determine rules of Good Behavior, and regulate the terms of Justices.
    • Congress is charged with defining and prosecuting Acts of Piracy and grave Offenses on international waters, as well as transgressions against International Law.
  • War and Defense:
    • It falls to Congress to formally declare War, and no expeditionary military actions shall occur without such declaration, or the multilateral agreement of relevant international bodies, except where bound by international treaty or defense pact.
    • Congress bears the responsibility to raise and sustain national Armed Forces in all domains, with the stipulation that financial commitments for this purpose shall not exceed two years.
    • Congress shall devise Rules for the Administration and Oversight of all military entities.
  • Militia:
    • Congress, in pressing times, can mobilize the Militia to enforce National Laws, counteract Rebellions, and fend off Incursions.
    • Congress oversees the organization, equipping, and training of the Militia, while State leadership reserves the right to appoint Officers and train the Militia in line with federally prescribed discipline.
  • Arms Regulation:
    • Congress shall establish uniform regulations for the keeping and bearing of arms among Civilians and Officers of the Peace under any jurisdiction in the Commonwealth, though local entities may provide supplementary ordinances for their particular needs.
  • Federal Jurisdiction:
    • Congress may exercise singular Legislation over designated areas hosting the Federal Government's seat and retains a similar authority over areas acquired for national necessities such as Forts, Arsenals, and Naval Bases.

Section 5: Transparency, Accountability, and Technology

  • Ethics and Conduct: Members of Congress shall adhere to a strict code of ethics, with clear rules and procedures for addressing conflicts of interest, misconduct, and corruption. Violations shall be subject to investigation and appropriate disciplinary action by the other two branches of government or by independent commission.
  • Open Sessions: Sessions of both the House of Representatives and the Senate shall be open to the public and recorded for the future, except in cases requiring confidentiality as determined by the agreement of both houses.
  • Publication of Proceedings: Congress shall publish a journal of its proceedings, ensuring transparency and accountability to The People.
  • Digital Accessibility: Congress shall leverage modern technology to enhance accessibility and engagement, ensuring that legislative information, proceedings, and member communications are readily available to all citizens online.
  • Remote Participation: Provisions shall be made for remote participation and voting by members of Congress, ensuring continuity of legislative functions during emergencies and enhancing the flexibility and responsiveness of the legislative process.
  • Procedures: Each House may establish its own procedures, subject to any binding legislation.

Section 6: Necessary and Proper Legislation

  • Congress shall craft laws as required to effectually exercise the aforementioned Powers and Duties and any other powers or duties vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States or its officers and to provide for the principles and rights aforementioned.
  • The First Congress shall establish any temporary laws necessary, not to exceed the first term, to ensure a seamless transition, protect the domestic peace, and ensure the rights and livelihoods of all.

Article IV: The Executive Branch

Section 1: The Presidency

  • Chief Magistrate of the Commonwealth:
    • The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America, and the appointed administrative Secretaries.
    • The President shall faithfully execute the laws of the United States, acting as the primary figure in their enforcement and the administration of governance. Any action taken by the executive shall be in accordance with the principles and rights enshrined in this document.
  • Commander-in-Chief: The President shall be the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces of the United States, serving as a civilian check on military power. The armed forces shall not engage in combat outside U.S. territorial boundaries without an express declaration of war by Congress, unless obligated by international treaty or defense pact. However, the President may authorize defensive actions within maritime boundaries against attacks by recognized foreign states.
  • Legislative Interactions: The President shall not assume powers held by Congress. In the event the President breaches the established rules of Good Behavior, the House of Representatives shall impeach, and the Senate shall hold trial for the removal of the President, by majority vote in each House. As no single person can hold sovereignty, the President shall have no power to veto or nullify duly passed laws of Congress. However, the President may, by suit in the Supreme Court, challenge laws deemed unconstitutional.
  • Other Powers and Duties:
    • The President shall have the power to negotiate and sign treaties with foreign nations, subject to the advice and consent of the Senate.
    • The President shall appoint ambassadors, public ministers, consuls, and other officers of the United States, with the advice and consent of the Senate.
    • The President may recommend to Congress measures deemed necessary and expedient and shall have the power to convene both houses of Congress on extraordinary occasions.
    • The President shall have the power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment, ensuring justice and mercy within the judicial system.
  • Term and Election: The President shall be elected every two years by a direct vote of the citizens of the United States, ensuring fair representation and equal opportunity for all eligible candidates. No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice or serve more than three terms in any combination of President and Vice President.
  • Qualifications: All citizens of voting age, equal in the eyes of the law, are eligible to hold the office of the President, according to their abilities, virtues, and talents.

Section 2: Vice Presidency, Administrative Heads, and Presidential Succession in Cases of Emergency

  • Vice Presidency:
    • The Vice President of the United States shall serve as the principal deputy of the President and act as President in the absence of the incumbent, whether by incapacity, resignation, removal, or death. The Vice President shall assume all the powers and duties of the President during such times until the President can resume the responsibilities and shall assume the Office of President until the end of the term should the President be unable to continue in office.
    • Should the Vice Presidency become vacant for any reason, the President shall nominate a successor who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress. This person shall serve as Vice President for the remainder of the term.
  • Succession:
    • In the event that both the President and Vice President are incapacitated, have resigned, been removed, or are deceased, the powers and duties of the presidency shall devolve upon the administrative heads in an order established by law. Congress shall have the power to clarify and designate the order of succession among the administrative heads.
  • Disability:
    • In the event that the President declares an inability to discharge the powers and duties of the office, or if such inability is declared by the Vice President and a majority of the principal officers of the executive departments, the Vice President shall immediately assume the role of Acting President until the disability is removed or until the end of the term.
    • The Vice President, administrative heads, or any other successors shall, upon assuming the role of President or Acting President, exercise all powers and responsibilities of the presidency as prescribed by this Constitution and laws of the land.
  • Term and Election:
    • The Vice President shall be elected on the same ticket as the President, ensuring that both offices are filled by executives with a shared vision and mandate from The People.
    • The Vice President shall serve a term of two years, coinciding with that of the President.
    • No person shall be elected to the office of the Vice President more than twice, or serve more than three terms in any combination of Vice President and President.
  • Qualifications: All citizens of voting age, equal in the eyes of the law, are eligible to hold the office of the Vice President, according to their abilities, virtues, and talents.

Section 3: Accountability and Transparency

  • Ethical Conduct: The President shall adhere to the highest standards of ethical conduct, avoiding conflicts of interest, corruption, and abuse of power. Any violations shall be subject to investigation and appropriate disciplinary action by an independent ethics commission. The President and Vice President shall publicly disclose their financial interests and tax returns annually. Any conflicts of interest must be addressed immediately to avoid undue influence.
  • State of the Union: The President shall deliver an annual State of the Union address to Congress, providing an account of the current conditions of the nation, outlining legislative priorities, and proposing policies to advance the common good.
  • Transparency in Administration: The President shall ensure transparency in the administration by making available to the public information on the functioning of the executive branch, except in cases requiring confidentiality for national security or other critical concerns.

Section 4: Executive Orders and Directives

  • Issuance and Limits: The President shall have the authority to issue executive orders and directives to manage the operations of the executive branch, provided such orders are consistent with the Constitution and laws enacted by Congress. Executive orders shall not have the power to create, modify, or nullify laws, nor shall they infringe upon the rights of The People.
  • Review and Oversight: Executive orders and directives shall be subject to review by Congress and the judiciary to ensure their alignment with constitutional principles and the rights of The People.

Section 5: Emergency Powers

  • Declaration and Duration: The President may declare a state of emergency in response to significant threats to national security, public health, or other crises, provided that such declarations are limited in scope and duration. The declaration must be reviewed by an independent commission within 30 days to ensure its necessity and scope. This commission shall have the authority to recommend the termination of the state of emergency. Any state of emergency shall expire after 60 days unless extended by a joint resolution of Congress for no more than 60 days at a time. The President’s use of emergency powers shall be subject to immediate review by an independent commission appointed by Congress to ensure that such powers are not abused.
  • Oversight and Accountability: During a state of emergency, the President shall remain accountable to Congress, providing regular updates and reports on the actions taken and their impact on The People and the nation. Congress retains the authority to terminate a state of emergency at any time through joint resolution.

Article V: The Judicial Branch

Section 1: The Supreme Court

  • Role and Responsibilities: The Supreme Court shall be the highest court in the land, entrusted with the duty to interpret the laws and ensure their alignment with this Constitution. The Supreme Court shall have the power to review and, if necessary, invalidate laws and executive actions that violate the Constitution. This power of judicial review shall be exercised with respect to the principles and rights of The People as articulated in this Constitution.
  • Composition and Tenure: The Supreme Court shall consist of fifteen Justices, serving fixed tenures of fifteen years subject to Good Behavior, with terms staggered to expire each year, to ensure both continuity and periodic renewal of the bench. Justices shall be appointed by a non-partisan commission and confirmed by a majority vote of the House of Representatives. Justices may be reappointed after their fifteen-year term, subject to another confirmation by a majority vote of the House of Representatives.
  • Jurisdiction and Decision-Making: The Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction in cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a state shall be party. In all other cases, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and under such regulations as Congress shall make. Decisions of the Supreme Court shall be made by a majority vote of the justices present. In cases of constitutional interpretation, a supermajority of three quarters shall be required to overturn or nullify legislation.

Section 2: Lower Federal Courts

  • Establishment: Congress retains the power to constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court, establishing a hierarchy of federal courts to address various matters of legal dispute and interpretation.
  • Appointment and Tenure: Judges for these courts shall be nominated by the non-partisan commission and confirmed by a majority vote of the House of Representatives. Judges shall hold their offices during good behavior, which includes adherence to ethical conduct and performance of duties without impropriety. Judges may be removed for violations of Good Behavior as determined by an independent judicial oversight commission, with the removal confirmed by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress.
  • Jurisdiction: Inferior courts shall have such jurisdiction, both original and appellate, as Congress may establish by law, consistent with the principles and rights enshrined in this Constitution.

Section 3: Judicial Review

  • Inherent Power: The judiciary has the inherent power of judicial review, enabling it to assess the constitutionality of legislation and executive actions.
  • Checks and Balances: Through this authority, the judiciary ensures the checks and balances system of the Commonwealth and safeguards against potential overreaches of power by other branches. All interpretations and reviews shall be made in accordance with the principles and rights of this Constitution.

Section 4: Judicial Independence, Accountability, and Good Behavior

  • Judicial Independence: The judiciary shall operate in a nonpartisan and unbiased manner, independently from the other branches of government, free from external pressures and influence by Officers or Officials of the United States, thereby ensuring impartiality and fairness in the dispensation of justice.
  • Accountability and Ethical Conduct: Justices and judges shall adhere to the highest standards of ethical conduct. An independent judicial oversight commission appointed by Congress shall investigate any alleged violations of these standards. Members of the judiciary must adhere to Good Behavior. Violations of these standards, or any act of impropriety, shall be subject to review by the judicial oversight commission. Impeachment proceedings for justices and judges may be initiated by the House of Representatives based on findings from the judicial oversight commission and trial shall be conducted by the Senate. Removal from office requires a majority vote in both Houses of Congress.
  • Public Proceedings: All judicial proceedings shall be open to the public, except in cases requiring confidentiality to protect national security, the privacy of individuals, or other compelling interests as determined by law.
  • Transparency in Decisions: The judiciary shall publish all decisions and opinions, providing detailed explanations of the legal reasoning and principles applied, and supplemental evidence as provided by experts in the relevant fields. This ensures transparency and accountability in the judicial process.

Section 5: Judicial Efficiency and Resources

  • Timely Justice: The judiciary shall strive to ensure timely justice, reducing backlogs and delays in court proceedings. Congress shall allocate sufficient resources to maintain the efficiency and effectiveness of the judicial system.
  • Access to Legal Resources: The judiciary shall have access to adequate resources, including technology, legal research tools, and administrative support, to ensure the effective administration of justice.
  • Continuing Education for Judges: Judges shall participate in continuing education programs to stay informed about evolving laws, legal standards, and best practices in the administration of justice.

Article VI: Provisions Concerning States

Section 1: Organization and Administration

  • State Organization: States shall organize their internal constituencies and local administrations in harmony with federal legislation and uphold the rights in this document and the localized authority of The People.
  • National Identification: Upon reaching the voting eligibility age, every citizen shall be automatically issued a free National Identification Document by their State of residence, functioning also as an international passport under the United States, with Congress ensuring its periodic technological and security updates via appropriate legislation.

Section 2: Admission of New States

  • Admission Process: New States may be admitted from time to time, without prejudice to any former status. Any organized government in good standing, according to their own laws, may petition Congress for admission to the Union.
  • State Referendum: Congress shall oversee a referendum within the proposed new State according to the voting regulations of the United States. If two-thirds of voters choose to pursue admission, a national referendum shall also be held within the United States. If a majority of voters approve, the new State shall be admitted to the Union as an equal member, subject to any treaty obligations and according to regulations set by Congress.

Section 3: Federal Supremacy and State Powers

  • Federal Supremacy: Federal law shall be the supreme law of the land. In the event of a conflict between federal and state law, federal law shall prevail.
  • State Powers and Responsibilities: State governments shall retain all powers not expressly delegated to the federal government by this Constitution. State governments shall be responsible for the administration of local affairs, education, health services, infrastructure, and other areas as defined by their own constitutions, provided they do not conflict with federal law.

Section 4: Interstate Relations

  • Recognition of Acts: States shall recognize the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. Congress may prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.
  • Privileges and Immunities: The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states.

Section 5: Resolution of Conflicts

  • Judicial Resolution: Conflicts between state and federal law shall be resolved by the judiciary, with the Supreme Court having final appellate jurisdiction.

Article VII: International Treaties and Agreements

Section 1: Treaty Negotiation

  • Negotiation Authority: The President shall possess the authority to negotiate international treaties, always prioritizing and in accordance with the rights and interests of the People as established by this Constitution.

Section 2: Congressional Approval

  • Ratification Process: For any international treaty to be ratified and become effective, it shall require the approval of a majority in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. Only upon receiving this majority consent from both Houses shall the United States be bound to the terms of the treaty.

Section 3: Domestic Implementation

  • Force of Law: Once ratified, international treaties shall have the full force and effect of domestic law within the United States, and shall be implemented and enforced as such.

Article VIII: Fiscal Stability and Continuity

  • Public Debt: The validity of the public debt of the United States shall not be questioned. Congress shall not impose artificial constraints or ceilings upon debts and obligations already undertaken. New public debt shall only be issued to or redeemed by individual natural persons. Any additional necessary appropriations shall be provided for by appropriate taxation, ensuring a fair and just fiscal policy.
  • Budget Continuity: To ensure the uninterrupted function of government and the welfare of the people, should Congress fail to duly appropriate funds for the upcoming fiscal period, the prior budget shall be automatically renewed. This renewal shall be adjusted to account for general inflation, thereby maintaining the real value of appropriations and ensuring fiscal stability.
  • Mandate: This article shall serve as an enduring mandate, protecting the nation's financial commitments, guaranteeing the ongoing operations of its institutions, and upholding the trust of its citizens and global partners. Congress shall ensure the continuity and modernization of fiscal policies to adapt to changing economic conditions.

Article IX: Public Administration and Accountability

  • Legal and Criminal Accountability of Officials: No public official, elected or appointed, shall be shielded from legal consequences by immunity or privilege. All public officials are subject to the law and shall face the same legal consequences as any other citizen for their actions.
  • Structure and Organization: Public administration shall be organized to ensure efficiency, transparency, and responsiveness to the needs of The People. Public officials shall be appointed based on merit and shall adhere to the highest standards of ethical conduct.
  • Accountability Mechanisms: All public institutions shall be subject to regular audits and oversight by independent bodies to ensure accountability and prevent corruption. Public officials shall be held accountable for their actions through transparent and fair disciplinary procedures.
  • Security Services & Law Enforcement: Security services and law enforcement have a duty to serve The People and shall operate in accordance with the law, respecting the rights and freedoms of The People. Oversight mechanisms and police oversight boards shall be established to ensure transparency and accountability at every level.
  • Public Participation: The People shall have the right to participate in public administration through mechanisms such as public consultations, referenda, and access to information.

Article X: Recall and Oversight of Elected Officials

Section 1: Recall of Elected Officials

  • Recall Mechanism: Recognizing the ultimate sovereignty of The People, a mechanism shall exist for the recall of elected officials at all levels of government. To initiate a recall election, a petition must be presented with signatures amounting to at least one-third of the total number of voters who participated in the last election of the official in question. Upon verification of the recall petition, a recall election shall be scheduled. For the recall to be successful, a majority of the voters in the recall election must vote in favor of removing the official.
  • Recall Limitations: No recall petition can be initiated within the first six months or the last six months of an elected official's term, provided such term is more than one year. Moreover, no official can face more than one recall attempt per term.

Section 2: Oversight in Congress

  • Expulsion of Members: To maintain the integrity and decorum of the legislative chambers, either House of Congress may expel a Member deemed to be acting against the interests of the Commonwealth or good governance, or in violation of the standards of conduct expected of public servants. Expulsion of a Member requires a two-thirds majority vote in the concerned House. The expelled Member's constituency shall swiftly hold a special election to fill the vacancy. The expelled Member may not contest in this election.

Section 3: Stability and Due Process

  • Due Process: All recall and expulsion processes shall ensure that the rights of the elected official in question are respected, and they are provided a platform to address the charges or concerns against them. Mechanisms shall be in place to ensure a timely transition so that the business of governance is not unduly disrupted.

Article XI: Retirement and Tenure

  • Retirement Age: Individuals in official capacities under the United States or any State shall retire upon reaching the nationally set retirement age. Congress shall adjust this age from time to time.

Article XII: Campaigning and Electoral Procedures

Section 1: Defined Campaigning Season

  • Campaign Season: To ensure the efficient use of resources, reduce prolonged political polarization, and allow elected officials to prioritize governance over extended campaigning, an official campaigning season is established. Campaign activities for federal, state, and local elections, including advertising, rallies, and solicitation of campaign contributions, shall commence no earlier than three months before the scheduled election date.

Section 2: Freedom of Speech

  • Free Speech: This provision shall not be construed to limit the free speech rights of individuals, media entities, or organizations discussing political issues, candidates, or policies outside the defined campaigning season. However, solicitations for or acceptance of campaign funds, or production and promotion of campaign advertisements or other media, are restricted to the defined campaigning season. Congress may tax or regulate other campaign-related material as necessary

Article XIII: Defense and National Security

  • Civilian Control: The armed forces and intelligence services shall be under civilian control, with oversight by Congress to ensure accountability and compliance with the law.
  • National Defense: The federal government shall be responsible for the defense of the nation, maintaining a professional and well-regulated armed forces.

Article XIV: Health and Welfare

  • Universal Healthcare: The government shall guarantee access to comprehensive healthcare services for all citizens, ensuring their well-being and quality of life. This includes mental health services, preventive care, emergency medical services, and services and correctives for all parts of the body.
  • Social Security: A robust social security system shall be established to provide support for individuals in need, including the elderly, disabled, unemployed, and disadvantaged.
  • Public Health: Public health policies shall be implemented to prevent disease, promote health, and respond to health emergencies effectively and efficiently.

Article XV: Education and Research

  • Commitment to Education: The government shall ensure access to high-quality education for all citizens, fostering critical thinking, creativity, and civic responsibility.
  • Support for Research: The government shall promote and support scientific research and innovation, providing funding and resources for advancements in knowledge and technology.
  • Educational Standards: National educational standards shall be established to ensure consistent and high-quality education across all states.

Article XVI: Environmental Protection

  • Sustainable Development: The government shall promote sustainable development, balancing economic growth with the conservation of natural resources and protection of the environment. Specific commitments include reducing carbon emissions, promoting renewable energy, and protecting endangered species.
  • Conservation Measures: Laws and regulations shall be enacted to protect ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural resources. Pollution and environmental degradation shall be minimized and mitigated.
  • Public Involvement: The People shall have the right to participate in environmental decision-making processes and to access information regarding environmental policies and actions.

Article XVII: Amendments to the Constitution

Section 1: Proposal of Amendments

  • Amendment Proposal: Amendments to this Constitution may arise out of the evolving needs and aspirations of the Commonwealth and its citizens, reflecting the changing realities of our world. The House of Representatives, recognizing its duty to the people, may propose amendments to this Constitution. Such proposals must be approved by a two-thirds majority of the House. Additionally, the People reserve the right to enact prompt constitutional change: if one-third of all eligible voters, or two-thirds of the States, through their respective legislatures or popular petitions, express the desire for a particular amendment, Congress shall be obligated to draft said amendment in line with the expressed intent.

Section 2: Ratification of Amendments

  • Ratification Process: Once an amendment is proposed, it shall be subjected to a direct, national popular vote. For the amendment to be ratified and integrated into this Constitution, it must secure the approval of two-thirds of the voters participating in the designated approval election. The Congress shall specify the timeframe in which the ratification vote must occur, ensuring a timely and efficient process, while allowing ample opportunity for public deliberation and education. Ratified amendments shall be incorporated into the body of this document in appropriate locations, as indicated by Congress.

Section 3: Limitations on Amendments

  • Protection of Rights: In keeping with the foundational principles of this Constitution, no amendment shall be made that would infringe upon or limit the rights of the People as established herein. Furthermore, no amendment shall seek to dismantle the essential structure and system of governance as outlined in this Constitution, ensuring the stability and continuity of the Commonwealth.

Section 4: Review and Oversight

  • Review Mechanisms: Congress shall establish mechanisms for periodic review of proposed amendments, ensuring that they align with the larger goals and principles of this Constitution. Mechanisms shall also be in place to oversee the process of ratification, guaranteeing its fairness, transparency, and adherence to the standards of direct democracy.

Article XVIII: Ratification and Transitional Provisions

Section 1: Ratification of the Constitution

  • National Referendum: This Constitution shall be submitted to the People of the United States in a national referendum to be approved by a majority of the voters participating in the referendum.
  • State Legislature Approval: In addition to the national referendum, this Constitution must also be approved by a majority of state legislatures. The approval of at least half of the state legislatures is required for ratification.
  • Implementation Timeline: Upon meeting the approval requirements of both the national referendum and state legislatures, this Constitution shall take effect on a date specified by Congress, not exceeding one year from the date of final approval.
  • Public Awareness and Education: Prior to the national referendum, a comprehensive public awareness and education campaign shall be conducted to inform citizens about the contents of the new Constitution, the ratification process, and its implications for governance and their rights.

Section 2: Temporary Measures

  • Transition Period: A transition period of two years from the date of ratification of this Constitution shall be established to ensure a smooth and orderly transtition and preserve the rights of The People.
  • Interim Laws and Regulations: During the transition period, the existing laws and regulations under the old Constitution shall remain in effect unless they are expressly repealed, amended, or superseded by new legislation enacted under this Constitution. Congress shall have the authority to enact interim laws and regulations necessary to facilitate the transition and address any immediate issues that arise.
  • Continuation of Government Functions: All existing branches, departments, agencies, and officials of the government shall continue to perform their functions and duties during the transition period, subject to the new provisions of this Constitution.

Section 3: Special Transitional Provisions

  • Staggered Implementation: The provisions of this Constitution that require structural changes in government institutions, such as the composition of the Legislature and the Judiciary, shall be implemented in a staggered manner as prescribed by Congress to ensure stability and continuity.
  • Appointment and Confirmation of Justices: The appointment and confirmation of Justices to the Supreme Court under the new terms shall begin immediately upon ratification, with initial appointments adjusted to ensure staggered terms as specified in Article V. If more than one Justice's term is set to expire in a single year, additional Justices shall be appointed to fill these terms as evenly as possible over the first fifteen years.
  • Elections and Terms of Office: The first elections under this new Constitution shall be held within one year of ratification. Members of Congress and other elected officials serving at the time of ratification shall continue to serve until their successors are duly elected and sworn in under the new election schedule.
  • Public Awareness and Education: Congress shall ensure that comprehensive public awareness and education campaigns are conducted to inform citizens about the new Constitution, their rights, and the changes in government structure and processes.

Section 4: Transitional Election Rules

  • Election System: The first transitional election shall employ a ranked choice voting system, allowing voters to rank candidates in order of preference to ensure fair representation of multiple parties and diverse viewpoints.
  • Public Campaign Financing: Public campaign financing shall be provided to all qualifying parties and candidates to ensure equal opportunities for participation and reduce the influence of private money in politics.
  • Independent Electoral Commission: An independent electoral commission shall oversee the election to ensure fairness, transparency, and adherence to democratic norms.
  • This Section shall not bind any other elections or future Congresses, which remain encouraged to find more perfect methods of representation

Section 5: Resolving Conflicts

  • Supremacy of Transitional Provisions: In the event of any conflict between the transitional provisions and other parts of this Constitution during the transition period, this Constitution shall prevail.
  • Judicial Oversight: The judiciary shall have the authority to resolve any disputes or ambiguities arising from the implementation of the transitional provisions, ensuring adherence to the principles and intent of this Constitution.

Section 6: Expiry of Transitional Provisions

  • End of Transition Period: At the end of the two-year transition period, all temporary measures and interim laws enacted for the transition shall expire unless they have been incorporated into permanent legislation by Congress.
  • Final Report: Congress shall prepare and publish a final report on the transition process, documenting the steps taken, challenges faced, and solutions implemented to inform future generations and provide a historical record.